Dokkum was a "Walled City", in earlier times
E-mail to Rene van Helsdingen, Amsterdam.
Dear Rene, as per your request, I will try to formulate a
few happenings in 1944 and 1945, up to and including the
Liberation by Canadians.
Joe Fohkens.
I was 13 years old when the Germans overran our country, in
May 1940. At first, it didn't seem to make too much
difference, but gradually we were subjected by the German
army laws. We were required to wear identification, we
received coupons for food, clothing, etc., as everything
became rationed. I'm not sure when the "Underground" got
started, but I became involved as a courier in 1943,
delivering a clandestine Newspaper and being part of a raid
on the Post office, where a large quantity of identification
forms and coupons were stolen. As we were already living
with curfew hours, these things needed to be done in the
curfew time, which meant that it was dangerous to be about.
I was picked-up twice, and escaped both times, once by
jumping from a wagon and running into small alleys, getting
away from them, the second time I was already on the train,
to be transported to Germany to work in factories, but my
friend and I jumped overboard when the train slowed down
crossing a bridge. We jumped in the water, which was very
cold, but we were good swimmers, and then ran to the nearest
farm, and while we took a chance on the farmer being
friendly or not, (he was) and we got dried out. I lived in
Dokkum, one of the eleven cities of the Province of
Friesland, not a great distance from the Wadden Sea. In
early summer of 1944, someone came to our house with the
message that I should disappear that night, because the
Germans were coming for me the next morning. The Underground
Network knew about many things and had a way of finding out
what the Germans were up to. I left home the next morning
around 4 o'clock, on my bike, being careful to
avoid the Germans.
Dokkum was a "Walled
City", in earlier times.
The walls were no
longer there, but
the only access into
the city was over one
of four bridges. |
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I waited at one bridge
until the guard changed, and while they were busy with
reports, I raced past and disappeared in other streets. I
did not know where to go, but several miles North of town I
spotted a farm quite a ways from the road, and again, you
take a chance. The farmer and hands were in a field, milking
cows. He asked me what I came for, and I said that I needed
to hide from the Germans. I told him that I could milk
cows, which gave a laugh, but he said to milk that one over
there. I did, he checked, sent me to milk another cow, and
that was good, so he said that I better come in and have
something to eat. At 16 and 17 years of age, I was six feet
tall and strong. That was a very good place to be, because I
was treated as one of the family. September of that year I
became involved with more Resistance work. This farm was
used as "Dropping Area" for arms and munitions. One by one,
a group of people would arrive, I was taken aside, and told
that from now I was part of them and quitting meant death.
When the time came for a dropping, the containers, about 8
ft tall and appr. 3ft diameter, full of goods, came down by
parachute, after the airplane had made one pass before doing
the "drop". Then we moved all the equipment to a few farms,
where hiding places had been made. Later the "stuff" was
transported by a small boat to other places. In January 1945
we had been betrayed and I had to make a run for it. When I
was spotted, someone took a shot, which gave me a burn mark
in my neck, but ruined the collar of my coat, which could
not be replaced, as the stores were empty. I got away, and
went from one place to the next for a few months. In April,
with rumors of the Canadian Army coming, some of us managed
to move South to meet them. We did not go far as they
traveled very fast. My top boss of the Resistance was
already with them, and when I they heard me speak German to
a prisoner; I was immediately given the job of Interpreter
as I could speak German almost fluently. Dokkum was
liberated the evening of April 15. Word came from the
Underground, that 2 ships were coming from Leeuwarden, with
the intend to go past Dokkum to the North and so escape to
Germany.
The Canadians with their tanks went across farm fields to
the canal, the"Ee". The Germans were told to
surrender, but one of them let go with a burst of fire.
The tank commander ordered to fire before the bow. As I was
very near the tank, I did not expect the horrendous bang,
but the Germans gave up immediately. As the Island of Schiermonnikoog was equipped with lots of armour, that would
be the next target. Two soldiers were sent up the dike, but
Germans were already there waiting in a boat. Both Canadian
Soldiers were killed. They were buried in the graveyard of
the Aalsum church, with full military honors. (They were
later re-buried in Holten Cemetery)When the two Canadians
were killed, the rest of them changed dramatically. No more
mercy, they said. The Gymnasium Hall in Dokkum was being
used to house the prisoners, and when they showed some
discontent one evening, the tank Commander moved a tank,
shoved the barrel through the window, and told me to inform
them, that any more noise, and he would blow them to kingdom
come. That was the end of it. Schiermonnikoog was taken
after a tremendous bombardment. I was there several times to
act as guard and interpreter, and they were all brought to
Lauwersoog, and from there marched to Dokkum. I remember
walking on a pair of very thin Bata gymshoes, and my feet
were ice-cold. As we made several P-stops, I noticed this
German Flying officer wearing beautiful knee-high boots,
with zippers on both sides. So I suggested that we exchange
footwear. He refused, but I had the Sub-machine gun, and
gave him the option to comply, or fall in the water. As he
was bending to take off his boots, his coat fell open and I
relieved him of a small pistol also, which I later exchanged
for a Smith&Wesson revolver and one thousand cigarettes. I
stayed with the Dragoons a few more months, and then joined
the Dutch Army, as Indonesia was still occupied by Japan.
After much training, including Commando training for Special
Forces, I went to Indonesia, with the rank of Sergeant, and
later became Sergeant Major, then Regimental Sergeant Major.
I returned to Holland in August 1950, was thinking of going
to Korea but changed my mind, and came to Canada in April
1951, arriving April 26th.
That's it. Should you want more or other stuff, please let
me know. (Please ignore any spelling mistakes) Sincerely
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